The Suicide And Self Injury - 1601 Words

â€Å"Other times, I look at my scars and see something else: a girl who was trying to cope with something horrible that she should never have had to live through at all. My scars show pain and suffering, but they also show my will to survive. They’re part of my history that’ll always be there.†-Cheryl Rainfield. Although suicide and self injury appears to be similar, self harm acts actually and is used as a way to cope for emotional pain. Self injury is most often misunderstood as a person being suicidal or wanting attention. Define Self Injury: Self-injury (SI) - â€Å"is the act of deliberately harming your own body, such as cutting or burning yourself† (â€Å"Self-injury/Cutting†). This act isn’t normally meant as a suicide attempt, it is often done impulsively. Self-injury is more of a way to manage or cope with emotional pain, intense anger and or frustration. Also â€Å"the person has a hard time regulating, expressing or understanding emotions. The mix of emotions that triggers self-injury is complex (â€Å"Self-Injury/Cutting†). Self-injury can be considered as a desire or a control behavior problem.† Types of Self injury: Self-injury includes the following: cutting, banging or punching, scratching the skin, pinching skin, impact with objects, ripping in the skin (possibly to the point of bleeding) and trichotillomania (hair pulling, and sometimes consuming the hair), carving in the skin, burning, and rubbing objects into their skin. Although many people look a t self injury as aShow MoreRelatedCorrelation Between Non Suicidal Self Injury And Suicide Achievement1650 Words   |  7 PagesCorrelation Between Non-suicidal Self-injury and Suicide Achievement in Adolescents Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, and teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who achieve suicide. The method this project will use is a simple questionnaire that asks patients four questions about their suicidal tendencies upon arrivalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Suicide is a major leading cause of death and a widespread concern which occurs at alarming rates in the specific population of the military. One of the main risk factors in of suicide in this population is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a great deal of research which analyzes this relationship. There are many elements that serve as contributing factors to the correlation between suicide and PTSD. PTSD-related suicide among soldiers is due to a number of intervening aspects includingRead MoreIn The Diagnostic And Sta tistical Manual Of Mental Disorder ( DSM-5 )?1716 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). According to the proposed diagnostic criteria, an individual must have engaged in self-injury behavior (e.g., cutting, burning, scraping) on the surface of their body, at least five times over the last year, without suicidal intent. Additionally, the self-injury is done with the intent of gaining relief from negative emotions and the individual experiences excessive thoughts about self-injury in the period ofRead MoreSuicide And Its Impact On The United States1556 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide has historically been and continues to be a significant issue in the United States, for civilians as well as active duty military service members and veterans. While statistics surrounding suicide appear to be just numbers on a page, I personally implore the reader of the following paper to never lose sight of the fact that t hose numbers represent real people. Each one of those people, be they civilian or military, represent a loss of a father or a mother, a brother or a sister, a son orRead MoreWe Must Commit Suicide And Practice Self Harm1498 Words   |  6 Pagesother age group to commit suicide or engage in self-harm. Why is that? Being an adolescent is a tough time in one’s life. They begin experiencing puberty, experimenting in relationships, hanging out with friends more but also having problems at home and self-esteem issues. We will discuss exactly why adolescents feel the need to commit suicide and practice self-harm. As well as the different forms of self-harm, clues on determining if the adolescent is suicidal or self-harming and what can be doneRead MoreKnopf Continued Writing Concerning Suicide In Regards To1172 Words   |  5 PagesKnopf continued writing concerning suicide in regards to adolescents in an article entitled â€Å"How Self-Injury can lead to Suicidality in Teens: Under Study.† Her article focused on the relationship between self-injury and suicide. She stated, â€Å"While NSSI [nonsuicidal self-injury] and suicide are distinct behaviors, they frequently co-occur, so it’s important to look at factors that might contribute to the transition from NSSI to suicide.† The studies that she focused on were with non-ideators, thatRead MoreA Discussion On Sex Education986 Words   |  4 Pages2010). While these numbers are everlasting changing, self-harm needs to be addressed to all ages just as other addictions are spoken about. Eating disorders are taught in the early ages of elementary school. Sex-education is taught the fifth grade. Self-harm is not a discussion in sex-education (Khantzian 668). The only way this addiction is taught to children is by explaining suicidal thoughts and having those thoughts turn into forms of self-injury. Teachers and parents are not able to recognize theRead MoreNegative Effects Of Bullying Essa y1175 Words   |  5 Pageshealth. Bullying can lead to an abundance of different consequences such as, self-harm, suicide, or violence toward others. Nonsuicidal self-injury refers to the deliberate destruction of a person’s body tissue without suicidal intent. Forms of self-harm include cutting, burning, and self-hitting (Lewis, Steven P, Nonsuicidal Self Injury, Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ)). Self-harm is a form of self-bullying. Self-bullying can include criticizing yourself for not being â€Å"perfect†, blamingRead MoreSuicide And Shneidman s Theory Of Suicide782 Words   |  4 PagesThere are several theories that attempt to understand suicide, such as Durkheim’s Sociological Theory of Suicide and Shneidman’s Theory of Suicide as Psychache. However, one of the newest and most well known theories is Joiner’s Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. The goal of this theory is to understand suicide at an interpersonal level. More specifically, it evaluates why individuals engage in suicidal behavior and identifies individuals who are at risk for engaging in such behaviors. There are th reeRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Harm1319 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-harm patients are at a risk for suicide whether this is an intended outcome or a result of self-harm gone wrong. 25% of people who commit suicide will have been seen in a hospital setting for a self harm injury in the past 12 months (Emerson, 2010). As well, 72% of suicide victims under the age of 25 have had a history or self-harm behavior (as sited in Cook, Clency, Sanderson, 2004). These statists provide a strong argument for the importance of vigilance and ongoing monitoring when providing

Urbanization Free Essays

Nowadays, with the fast development of economy of the world, many cities become bigger and bigger and many modern cities are appearing. Thus, we face the complex problem: Urbanization. Urbanization has been a subject of heated discussion for a long time. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people are in favor, while others are opposed. In my opinion, urbanization benefits human beings rather than do harm to them. Two reasons may account for my conclusion. Firstly, urbanization enriches our life. We can imagine what will happen without convenient traffic system, without big department stores, without KTVs and many other entertainments? To some extent, it is impossible for human beings to live in this world. Urbanization make it possible for us to enjoy our life more than before, Also,urbanization quicken the pace of science, especially in the communication field, in the early time, if we want to connect with our family members or friends, the only way we can choose is writing letters. But urbanization changed this situation, we can talk with the friends in the foreign countries with our any difficulties through the Internet, we gain whatever information we need on the internet. These conveniences are brought by the urbanization. Secondly, urbanization also raise our country economy. As we all know, the policy of Reform and Opening give our country a golden opportunity to develop our economy, we have a direct feeling about the dramatic increasing of our living standard, many productions that we cannot afford in the past time can be owned in today. This phenomenon proves that urbanization benefits our life basically. With the fast step of urbanization, many job opportunities are supplied in the occupation market which make many rural migrant workers get a solid work in the urban area. They also contribute to the economic development in the urban area. These prosperities are definitely brought by the urbanization. I live in Shanghai, and it is a typical big city in China. I found that we also have many negative sides of urbanization. For instance, we can talk to the friends thousands miles away, but we don’t know our neighbours in the high-rises; many migrant workers do not enjoy the same profits and rights as the permanent unban residents and this will make their living without and insurance system. But we don’t need to be so pessimistic of the situation at hand. It is evident that the advantages of urbanization outweigh the disadvantages. What we should do is to remain the positive side , meanwhile to conquer the negative side. Our government will also introduce many effective policies to narrow this contradictory. So we have enough reasons to believe the situation will become better and better so that we can reach our aim †better city, better life † ! How to cite Urbanization, Papers Urbanization Free Essays Answer arbitration will cause greenery to be lost. Arbitration involves the process of buildings new buildings and infrastructure, and trees and grasslands will have too be chopped down and removed to make space for the new buildings. In this case, the natural environment is lost. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes, construction will cause sand and dirt to circulate in the air, creating air pollution, while pollutants from construction sites may enter water bodies and cause water pollution. Even though some cities may try o restore its former greenery, it can never be compared to the previous natural landscape. Animal Shortage of Electric Power A very serious problem facing the entire country is the acute shortage of electric power both in urban and rural areas. This can be solved only by generating much more electricity than at present. However, this solution has met with almost a wall- like obstruction. Conventional methods of generation like coal based thermal power, nuclear power and hydro electric power are being opposed by people for reasons of environmental pollution, displacement of people submergence of land and forests etc. There are some gas based power stations which are less polluting but due to lack of sufficient quantity of natural gas they are working at less than half their load capacity. Non-conventional sources of power like solar power and wind power are not that economically viable or affordable by the consumers. The power generation Is also intermittent requiring large storage capacity for energy. One does not know what new problems will arise In storing energy on such large scale. Fee will also be greatly affected due to habitat loss. How to cite Urbanization, Papers Urbanization Free Essays The Effects of Urbanization on Downtown Louisville David Taylor Environmental Science Brown Mackie College Mark Dutrow September 20, 2012 Abstract As our cities become larger, more congested, and more urbanized we are beginning to start seeing some of the long term effects we are making on our urban environment. As we are becoming more aware of our pollution and measures to improve it, we can look back on systems of the past and see where they are negatively affecting our environment. Acid rain is the most noticeable since you can see the visible deterioration, unnatural discoloration, and erosion caused by the acid rain. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another noticeable problem is the signs of chemicals that have been used to preserve monuments and lubricate other structures. If we don’t do something to correct the mistakes our ancestors made in the development and urbanization of Louisville and the surrounding areas, the next generation will have to spend millions if not billions of dollars to correct these errors. Why is Louisville here? Jefferson County was organized in 1780 and one of the first three counties formed out of the original Kentucky County, which was still part of Virginia at the time (the other two being Fayette and Lincoln). The county is named for Thomas Jefferson, who was governor of Virginia at the time. Downtown Louisville is the oldest part of the city of Louisville, whose initial development was closely tied to the Ohio River. The largest early fort, Fort Nelson, was built in 1781 near what is today the corner of 7th and Main streets. Many early residents lived nearby after moving out of the forts by the mid-1780s, although little remains from of the earliest (mostly wood) structures. Louisville became a popular stopping point for travelers on the Ohio River. Because of the falls of the Ohio and the rapids, boats had to stop, unload their cargo, traverse the rapids and then reload to continue their journey. With Louisville being located so close to the falls it grew into a bustling town catering to the travelers by opening several hotels and saloons. (www. hellolouisville. com/, n. d. ) How has development affected the environment in Louisville? People who live in urban areas have very different consumption patterns than residents in rural areas. 10 For example; urban populations consume much more food, energy, and durable goods than rural populations. With economic development, the difference in consumption declined as the rural populations ate better diets. Urban populations not only consume more food, but they also consume more durable goods. Energy consumption for electricity, transportation, cooking, and heating is much higher in urban areas than in rural areas. For example, urban populations have many more cars than rural populations per capita. Almost all of the cars in the world in the 1930s were in the United States. Today we have a car for every two people in the United States. If that became the norm, in 2050 there would be 5. billion cars in the world, all using energy. (http://www. prb. org/, n. d. ) In the downtown Louisville area, all of the rain runoff includes all of the fluids that have leaked out of the vehicles as well as the chemicals that are washed off of all the buildings. This contamination has caused pH of the Ohio to change which in turn limits the number of species of fish that can survive in the now con taminated water. The manmade structures we have put in the Ohio River are also contributing to this pH change. Steel piers and concrete pillars being the majority of these structures. How has pollution deteriorated downtown structures? One of the biggest negative affects is the deterioration of the buildings caused by acid rain. Another observation during the fieldtrip was the visible damage caused by chemicals used in joints of buildings as well as leaking from statues that were sealed so they won’t erode. Air pollution damages materials, especially those used in buildings because of their long service life, sometimes of the order of hundreds of years. Damage to other objects tends to be less important: most cars, for instance, are replaced long before damage from air pollution has become significant. The phenomena of the degradation of buildings are complex due to the numerous factors that intervene. However it is generally recognized that man-made pollutants have greatly increased the degradation rate of buildings. Of particular importance is soiling caused by particles (especially soot) and corrosion or erosion caused by SO2. (arirabl. org, n. d. ) What would downtown look like if Louisville had not been developed? The area would look totally different. The landscape would be serene with rolling hills, thousands of trees, natural flow of the river, and natural flow of creeks feeding into the Ohio River. The power plant as well as the lock and dam wouldn’t be obstructing the Ohio. The wooded area would be teeming with wildlife and the river would be stocked with several species of fish that don’t occupy it today. Which natural disasters is the downtown area prepared for? Downtown Louisville is prepared for a couple of natural disasters. Some natural disasters are not common to the area such as, hurricane’s, mudslides, volcano’s, and tsunami’s. However, floods, tornado’s, and earthquake’s are common to the Louisville area. The downtown area has prepared for flooding by elevating most all of the buildings to a height above the 1937 flood depth. There is also a flood wall that has been put into place to keep water from destroying majority of the city. The buildings in the downtown area have also been designed or retro fitted to withstand the wind velocity associated with tornados. However, the downtown area is not prepared for a strong earthquake. Even though Louisville is on the New Madrid Fault the cost associated with making all structures reinforced enough to withstand a strong earthquake is too great. References Urbanization: An Environmental Force to Be Reckoned With – Population Reference Bureau. (n. d. ). Home – Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://www. prb. org/Articles/2004/UrbanizationAnEnvironmentalForcetoBeReckonedWith. aspx Buildings-PollAtmos. pdf. (n. d. ). arirabl. org/. Retrieved September 20, 2012, from arirabl. org/Publications_files/Buildings-PollAtmos. pdf Louisville History – HelloLouisville. com. (n. d. ). Louisville, Kentucky – Louisville City Guide. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://www. hellolouisville. com/history. cfm 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 – Original Downtown 2 – River 3 – Falls of the Ohio Falls of the Ohio – 1824 Downtown Louisville – 1830’s How to cite Urbanization, Essay examples

Outline Financial Statement Analysis free essay sample

Transforming data into useful information for decision making. A. Purpose of Analysis To help users (both internal and external) make better business decisions. 1. Internal users (managers, officers, internal auditors, consultants, budget officers, and market researchers) make the strategic and operating decisions of a company. 2. External users (shareholders, lenders, directors, customers, suppliers, regulators, lawyers, brokers, and the press) rely on financial statement analysis to make decisions in pursuing their own goals. The common goal of all users is to evaluate: a. Past and current performance. b. Current financial position. c. Future performance and risk. B. Building Blocks of Analysis The four areas of inquiry or building blocks are: 1. Liquidity and efficiency—ability to meet short-term obligations and to efficiently generate revenues. 2. Solvency—ability to generate future revenues and meet long-term obligations. 3. Profitability—ability to provide financial rewards sufficient to attract and retain financing. 4. Market Prospects—ability to generate positive market expectations. Information for Analysis 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline Financial Statement Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most users rely on general purpose financial statements that include: a. Income statement b. Balance sheet c. Statement of changes in stockholders equity (or statement of retained earnings) d. Statement of cash flows e. Notes related to the statements 2. Financial reporting—is the communication of financial information useful for making investment, credit, and other business decisions. Includes information from SCE 10-K or other filings, press releases, shareholders meetings, forecasts, management letters, auditors reports, and Webcasts. Standards for Comparisons Used to determine if analysis measures suggest good, bad, or average performance. Standards can include the following types of comparisons: 1. Intracompany—based on prior performance and relationships between its financial items. 2. Competitor—compared to one or more direct competitors (often best). 3. Industry—published industry statistics (available from services like Dun Bradstreet, Standard and Poors, and Moodys). 4. Guidelines (rules-of-thumb)—general standards developed from past experiences. E. Tools of Analysis – includes horizontal, vertical and ratio analysis. II. Horizontal Analysis Tool to evaluate changes in financial statement data across time. This analysis utilizes: A. Comparative Statements reports financial amounts for more than one period placed side by side in columns on a single statement. 1. Computation of Dollar Changes and Percentage Changes—usually shown in line items. a. Dollar change = Analysis period amount minus Base period amount. b. Percent change = Analysis period amount minus Base period amount divided by Base period amount times 100. Notes: (1) When a negative amount appears in the base period and a positive amount in the analysis period (or vice versa)— a meaningful percentage change cannot be computed. (2) When there is no value in the base period—percentage change is not computable. (3) When an item has a value in the base period and zero in the next period—the decrease is 100 percent. 2. Comparative balance sheets a. Consist of balance sheet amounts from two or more balance sheet dates arranged side by side. b. Usefulness is improved by showing each item’s  dollar change and percent change to highlight large changes. Comparative income statements a. Amounts for two or more period are placed side by side. b. Additional columns are included for dollar and percent changes. B. Trend Analysis used to reveal patterns in data across successive periods. Involves computing trend percents (or index number) as follows: 1. Select a base period and assign each item in the base period a weight of 100%. 2. Express financial numbers as a percent of their base period number. 3. Trend percent equals analysis period amount divided by base period amount times 100. III. Vertical Analysis Comparing financial condition and performance to a base amount. The analysis tools include: A. Common-Size Statements reveal changes in the relative importance of each financial statement item. All amounts are redefined in terms of common-size percents. 1. Common-size percentage equals analysis amount divided by base amounts multiplied by 100. 2. Common-size balance sheets—base amount is usually total assets. Common-size income statements—base amount is usually revenues. B. Common-Size Graphics Graphical analysis (e. g. , pie charts and bar charts) of common-size statements that visually highlight comparison information. IV. Ratio Analysis Using key relationships among financial statement items. Ratios organized into the four (items A through D below) building blocks of analysis: A. Liquidity and Efficiency 1. Liquidity refers to the availability of resources to meet short-term cash requirement. 2. Efficiency refers to how productive a company is in using its assets. Efficiency is usually measured relative to how much revenue is generated for a certain level of assets. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Working capital—the excess of current assets over current liabilities. b. Current ratio—current assets divided by current liabilities; describes a companys ability to pay its short-term obligations. c. Acid-test ratio—similar to current ratio but focuses on quick assets (i. e. , cash, short-term investments and current receivables) rather than current assets. Days’ sales in inventory—ending inventory divided by cost of goods sold multiplied by 365; measures how many days it will take to convert the inventory on hand at the end of the period into accounts receivable or cash. h. Total asset turnover—net sales divided by average total assets; describes the ability to use assets to generate sales. B. Solvency 1. Solvency refers to a companys long-run financial viability and its ability to cover long-term obligations. Capital structure is one of the most important components of solvency analysis. 2. Capital structure refers to a companys sources of financing. Ratios in this block: a. Debt ratio—total liabilities divided by total assets. b. Equity ratio—total stockholders equity divided by total assets. Note: A company is considered less risky if its capital structure (equity and long-term debt) is composed more of equity. c. Debt-to-Equity Ratio – total liabilities divided by total equity; measure of solvency. A larger debt-to-equity ratio implies greater risk. d. Times interest earned—income before interest expense and income taxes divided by interest expense; reflects the risk of loan repayments with interest to creditors. Profitability refers to a companys ability to generate an adequate return on invested capital. 2. Return is judged by assessing earnings relative to the level and sources of financing. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Profit margin—net income divided by net sales; describes the ability to earn net income from sales. b. Return on total assets—net income divided by average total assets; a summary measure of operating efficiency; comprises profit margin (net income divided by net sales) and total asset turnover (net sales divided by average total assets). Return on common stockholders equity—net income less preferred dividends divided by average common stockholders equity; measures the success of a company in earning net income for its owners. D. Market Prospects 1. Market measures are useful for analyzing corporations with publicly traded stock. 2. Market measures use stock price in their computation. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Price-earnings ratio—market price per common stock divided by earnings per share; used to evaluate the profitability of alternative common stock investments. Dividend yield—annual cash dividends paid per share of stock divided by market price per share; used to compare the dividend-paying performance of different investment alternatives. E. Summary of Ratios Exhibit 13. 16 sets forth the names of each of the common ratios by category, and includes the formula and a description of what is measured by each ratio. F. Global View 1. Horizontal and Vertical Analysis – horizontal and vertical analysis helps eliminate many differences between GAAP and IFRS when analyzing and interpreting financial statements. Ratio Analysis – ratio analysis has many of the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical analysis. The ratios applied are fine, with some possible changes in interpretation depending on what and what is not included in certain accounting measures across GAAP and IFRS. V. Decision Analysis—Analysis Reporting Goal of financial statement analysis report is to reduce uncertainty through rigorous and sound evaluation. A good analysis report usually consists of six sections: 1. Executive summary. 2. Analysis overview. 3. Evidential matter. 4. Assumptions. 5. Key factors. 6. Inferences When a companys activities involve income-related events that are not part of its normal, continuing operations, it often separates the income statement into different sections as follows: A. Continuing Operations Reports the revenues, expenses, and income generated by the company’s continuing operations. B. Discontinued Segments 1. A business segment is a part of a company’s operations that serves a particular line of business or class of customers. 2. A company’s gain or loss from selling or closing down a segment is separately reported as follows: a. Income from operating the discontinued segment for the current period prior to its disposal. b. The gain or loss from disposing of the segment’s net assets. C. Extraordinary Items 1. Extraordinary gains and losses are those that are both unusual and infrequent. a. An unusual gain or loss is abnormal or otherwise unrelated to the company’s regular activities and environment. b. An infrequent gain or loss is not expected to recur given the company’s operating environment. 2. Reporting extraordinary items in a separate category helps users predict future performance, absent the effects of the extraordinary items. Items that are either unusual or infrequent, but not both, are reported in the income statement but after the normal revenues and expenses. D. Earnings per Share (EPS) is the amount of income earned by each share of outstanding common stock and is reported in the final section of income statement. One of the most widely cited items of accounting information. E. Changes in Accounting Principles 1. The consistency principle requires a company apply the same accounting principles across periods (examples in this context: (include inventory or depreciation methods). Changes in accounting principles are acceptable if justified as improvements in financial reporting. 2. Cumulative effect of the change on prior periods incomes should be reported on the income statement (net of taxes) below extraordinary items. 3. A footnote should describe and justify the change and report what income would have been under the old method. F. Comprehensive Income is net income plus certain gains and losses that bypass the income statement. The change in equity for the period, excluding investments from and distributions to its stockholders.